1.1 Document Focus

This document describes how to operate and maintain eSite Modular. It focuses on eSite Web, eSite Tools and the settings that can be done to the associated systems. For optional eSite accessories and installation of the associated systems see the Installation manual.

1.2 Target Group

This document is intended for the personnel that will operate and maintain eSite Modular. Such personnel can work both on site and from a distance via eSite Tools. The personnel must have sufficient basic skills and training.

1.3 Warning Levels

1.4 Trademarks

eSite™ and eSite Tools™ are registered trademarks of eSite Power Systems AB (publ) and will be referred to here after as eSite and eSite Tools.

1.5 Available Product Documentation

1.6 Abbreviations and Definitions

COPYRIGHT

© Copyright eSite Power Systems AB 2022. All rights reserved.

DISCLAIMER

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner. The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. eSite Power Systems shall have no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the use of this document.

Contacts

https://www.clearbluetechnologies.com/

E-mail: support@clearbluetechnologies.com

Phone: +1 647 748 4822

Clear Blue Technologies 30 Lesmill Road, Unit 7 Toronto, ON, Canada M3B 2T6

2.1 Introduction

During work with electrical equipment, precautions are necessary to make sure that the safety for personnel and property is sufficient and satisfactory. The safety instructions in the documents that belong to eSite Power Systems must be followed during installation, testing, commissioning, maintenance, repair and removal of power and supervision of equipment.

eSite Modular has been certified in regard to personal safety according to IEC CB Test certificate issued by Intertek. The certificate reference number is SE-06031 and a copy with more information is available on eSite Power Systems home page.

2.2 Basic Guidelines

2.3 High Energy & High Voltage

3.1 Overview

The eSite Modular system is a telecom site power system designed according to telecom standards to provide stable, low-maintenance site operation at low TCO. The system is built to fit a variety of site types and customer load sizes, able to withstand harsh outdoor conditions and achieve maximum uptime of the customer load.

The system can be provided with AC power supply from a genset and/or a grid connection and with DC power supply from a set of solar arrays. The AC power supply is converted into -48 V DC through AC/DC rectifiers. If more than one AC source is connected, switching between the connected power sources is performed automatically through the patented silicone controlled rectifier (SCR) functionality.

The solar DC power supply is converted into -48 V DC through internal solar DC/DC converters. If solar arrays are installed, they are under regulation from the internal solar converters at all times and will supply power when the weather conditions allow.

The supplied power is used to support the customer load and to charge a battery bank.

The eSite Modular system setup consists of

• 1 Remote Monitoring and Control (RMC) unit

• 1, 2 or 3 Converter Units (RE, RSE, SE)

• 1 Power Combiner Unit (PCU)

• A battery bank

• A purpose-built cabinet housing all of the above

All communication handling, site monitoring and system controls are performed in the RMC controller unit.

The RMC controller unit (see figure 3.1) contains

• Main Controller

• Wi-Fi module

• 3G/4G modem

• Ethernet LAN port

• Digital In/Out ports

• Analogue In/Out ports

• CAN/RS485 connection ports

The Converter Unit (see figure 3.2) contains:

• Rectifier (3,3 kW) x 3 (RE, RSE)

• Solar converter (2,2 kW) x 3 (RSE) or x 6 (SE)

• SCR functionality (replaces standard ATS) for AC power source switching

• Current, voltage, frequency and temperature sensors

The Power Combiner Unit (see figure 3.3) contains the connection points and MCB breakers for all DC power connections to the RMC, Li-ion battery bank, Converter Units, cabinet fans and customer load. In the standard design, the PCU is equipped to support 2 Converter Units, 4 Tenants and a battery bank of 10 BMUs.

A complete eSite Modular system setup with all components integrated to a cabinet is shown in figure 3.4.

3.2 Options

The list below outlines the options that are referenced in this manual. For a complete description of available options, compatibility between options and what is included in each option package, a specific options document may be requested from eSite Power Systems.

3.2.1 Standard options

3.2.2 Custom specific options

Some options/features may be received as additional SW patches. This may apply for already existing features or new features developed and customized upon request, based on customer requirements in coordination with the eSite development team.

Custom specific options are normally disabled from the standard software implementation by default and are not visible in any UI.

Contact eSite Power Systems to get more information regarding custom specific options.

Copyright © 2022 eSite Power Systems AB

5.1 Overview

eSite Tools is a remote control and monitoring system (RMS), designed for data analysis and performance optimization of one or several eSite Modular systems connected to a dedicated network.

The system requires TCP/IP connectivity either via the built-in 3G modem or via the Ethernet connection.

User access to eSite Tools is not a standard option, contact eSite Power Systems to get more information.

The status and connection state of each eSite Modular system in the network is listed and presented on a dashboard in eSite Tools. A list of time stamped alarms with color codes showing the severity of the alarm is also presented. Connection status and alarms are also displayed on a map showing the location of all sites in the network. The dashboard offers search- and filter functionality that can be customized. Data from the dashboard can be exported to the PDF, XML, CSV and Excel formats.

All parameter settings that are configurable on the eSite Web can also be configured remotely from eSite Tools.

Each eSite Modular system has a dedicated logger that collects and stores data in a local database. The eSite RMC performs local aggregation and analytics on collected data to achieve accurate remote reporting and troubleshooting. An example of such functionality is energy calculations, which are performed locally with high resolution, compared to doing such analysis on relatively low resolution data on the server side. This enables correct average calculations between any two data samples.

In case of interrupted communication between the eSite RMC modem and the eSite Tools server, data is buffered locally and will be uploaded automatically without any data loss when the communication has been reestablished.

5.2 Remote Configuration

eSite Tools supports remote configuration of all connected sites. All configurable parameters are accessible via the eSite Tools GUI. By selecting several sites in eSite Tools, the same set of configurations can be pushed to all selected sites at the same time.

It is also possible to backup and restore configurations between different sites from eSite Tools.

5.3 Firmware Over the Air (FOTA)

Updates of firmware/software can be performed remotely via eSite Tools. Similarly to uploading a set of configurations, it is possible to update the software of several eSite Modular systems at the same time by selecting a group of sites in eSite Tools.

5.4 eSite Tools Dashboard

An example of a dashboard from one eSite Modular system connected to eSite Tools remote system is shown in figure 5.1. Site information and the most relevant system signals are displayed on the left-hand side, while historical data plots and funcionality tabs are accessed to the right.

8.1 Maintenance of the eSite Modular System

The passive convection cooling implemented for all Converter Units works optimally when the ambient air flows unobstructed through the airways (see figure 8.1). Remove any debris, dry leaves, spider web or dirt that may obstruct normal airflow.

This section outlines the handling and installation of spare parts to the eSite Modular system, either to expand the system functionality or to replace faulty equipment.

9.1 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor

The ambient air temperature sensor consists of a thermistor on a cable, standard length 5 m. Place the sensor hanging outside of the battery cabinet, probing the ambient air temperature.

9.2 Battery Temperature Sensor

The battery temperature sensor consists of a thermistor on a cable, standard length 5 m. Place the sensor in the battery cabinet in the centre of the battery bank.

9.3 Battery Voltage Sensor

The battery voltage sensor probes connect directly to the battery terminals. They are polarity sensitive, but are protected for reversed polarity. On the negative probe, there is a tubular fuse (slow acting, 1 A, 48 V). The probes are connected to the Batt1 connection ports on the rear side of the RMC.

9.4 CAN Communication and Current Sensors

For tenant current measurements, eSite Modular uses complementary LEM current sensors (see figure 9.1). LEM current sensors utilize the CAN protocol for communication with the eSite Modular system. The CAN cable kit provided by eSite Power Systems is specifically prepared for use with LEM sensors. The white contacts can be used to connect several current sensors in series. The connection order does not matter.

The following CAN IDs are presently configurable:

• 001 (3C1)

• 002 (3C2)

• 003 (3C3)

• 004 (3C4)

• 005 (3C5)

• 006 (3C6)

• 007 (3C7)

• 008 (3C8)

• 009 (3C9)

• 000 (3C0)

For more information about 12 V, 24 V and GND see section Connection point 24 V, GND and 12 V.

9.5 Fuel Sensors

A fuel sensor must be supplied with 24 V and has a 0‒10 V output. A fuel sensor can be connected to any of the Analogue In 1-4 ports. This is configurable on the Settings page on eSite Web. The default system settings are Analogue In 1 for Fuel sensor 1 and Analogue In 2 for Fuel sensor 2 as shown below. The colour coding below is valid for fuel sensors supplied by eSite Power Systems.

9.5.1 Fuel sensor 1

9.5.2 Fuel sensor 2

9.6 Replacement of Converter Unit

9.6.1 When to Replace a Converter Unit

Replacing a Converter Unit is generally the last course of action when a serious permanent unit failure has been determined that cannot be amended during operation. Replace a Converter Unit only after consulting eSite Power Systems. All prior corrective actions must be tried and failed.

Fill in a replacement report for the faulty Converter Unit before it is replaced. Send the report to eSite Power Systems. A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number is provided from eSite Power Systems. In the case of a warranty claim, the RMA number must be clearly labelled on the returning box to eSite Power Systems for the warranty to be processed.

9.6.2 Replacing a Converter Unit

Before you lift the Converter Unit you must:

• know the weight of the Converter Unit (RSE: 62 kg, RE: 58 kg, SE: 45 kg).

• make sure the installation area is clear of obstruction.

• make sure there are no wet or slippery surfaces in the installation area.

To lift the Converter Unit properly (see figure 9.2), do as follows:

1. Stand as close to the box as possible.

2. Make sure you are steady on your feet and keep a good balance.

3. Keep your back straight and use your legs and hips to lower yourself down to the box.

4. Get a firm hold of the Converter Unit with your hands.

5. Lift slowly by extending your legs with your back straight.

For more information on how to perform a complete site installation, please refer to the eSite Modular Installation and Site Commissioning Manual.

With the eSite Modular system shut down, go through the following steps to replace a Converter Unit.

1. Disengage all Converter Unit breakers, AC power source breakers, Battery breakers and Solar breakers .

2. Remove the bottom metal cover plate of the used Converter Unit by loosening the 3 M5x10mm Torx screws.

3. Detach the Converter Unit from the mounting frame by loosening the 2 M8x12Hex screws.

4. Disconnect the CAN communication cable from the Converter Unit.

5. Disconnect the AC power cables, the Solar power cables and the battery power cables from the Converter Unit.

6. Lift up the Converter Unit. Let it slide up and out of the slots.

7. Keep the used Converter Unit on a clean and dry surface while the new Converter Unit is being installed.

8. Unpack the new Converter Unit. Lift up the Converter Unit and put it on a flat surface.

9. Remove the bottom metal cover plate of the new Converter Unit by loosening the 3 M5x10mm Torx screws.

10. Lift up and dock the new Converter Unit. Make sure that the guides on the right and left side of the unit go into the slots on the mounting frame.

11. Lower the Converter Unit and let it slide down the slots entirely.

12. Put the used Converter Unit in the transportation box for the new Converter. One styrofoam is for the top of the Converter Unit and one styrofoam is for the bottom. Make sure that they are fitted correctly when lowering the used Converter Unit into the package. Pack the Converter Unit properly to prevent any damage.

13. Close the box lid and mark the box with the serial number and the Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.

14. Attach the new Converter Unit to the mounting frame by tightening the 2 M8x12Hex screws.

15. Connect the AC power cables, the Solar power cables and the battery power cables to the new Converter Unit.

16. Connect the CAN communication cable from the RMC to the new Converter Unit.

17. Mount the bottom metal cover plate of the new Converter Unit by tightening the 3 M5x10mm Torx screws.

18. Engage Converter Unit and Battery breakers. Engage AC Power breakers. Start up the system and perform a Site Commissioning and Registration of the new Converter Unit.

9.7 Installation of SIM Card

The installation of a SIM card into the designated slot on the side of the RMC unit (see figure 9.3) is a quick and straightforward procedure. To install a SIM card, do the following:

1. If the RMC is mounted to the cabinet rack, unscrew the 4 Hex inserts and pull out the RMC slightly to access the SIM card slot on the right-hand side.

2. If an old SIM card is inserted and is to be replaced, eject it by gently pressing it inwards and then remove it.

3. Install the new SIM card by gently inserting it into the SIM card slot until it clicks.

4. Reattach the RMC to the rack with the 4 Hex inserts.

This section outlines information about the various features and functionalities included in the eSite Modular hardware and software.

7.1 Power Source Prioritization

The eSite Modular system uses the following power source priority:

1. Solar power

2. Grid power

3. Genset power

If solar or grid power is not available, the genset is automatically started when the batteries need to be charged. If grid becomes available during a genset charge cycle, the genset is stopped and the power source is switched to grid. Only one AC source can be active at a time.

If solar power is available at the same time as grid or genset power is available, solar power is always prioritized and maximized. Using the Green Power Influx feature, AC power sources can be inhibited, given that certain conditions are met, to fully utilize solar power when applicable.

7.2 Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) with ATS functionality

The eSite Modular RE and RSE converter units convert input AC power via three rectifiers into -48 V DC. The maximum conversion capacity is 3.5 kW per rectifier, for a total of 10.5 kW per converter unit. The inputs from the AC sources are continuously measured to ensure that the most efficient AC source is used. The switching between the connected AC sources (gensets/grid) is automatic.

The eSite Modular patented Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) functionality is designed to improve the performance of the system compared to a traditional Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). Both an ATS and SCR allows for switching between two AC sources, but while the ATS is based on mechanical switching, the SCR uses power semiconductors.

One or two (optional) AC sources can be configured in the eSite Web interface. Possible AC source configurations are: No Source, AC Genset 1, AC Genset 2 and Grid.

7.3 System Mode

The eSite Modular system always operates in one of the 6 defined system modes: 'Auto', 'Auto Full Charge', 'Manual', 'Safe Mode' , 'UPS Mode 'and 'Registration Mode'.

Auto mode is the normal mode the system operates in. The eSite Modular system is working automatically with no user interference and controls all features and external command signals.

Auto Full Charge mode is activated when the batteries need to do a Full Charge cycle.

A Full Charge cycle is activated automatically by one of the following conditions being met :

• One of the Load Voltage Disconnect (LVD) breakers has tripped.

• The time interval between two Full Charge cycles has elapsed. This parameter can be changed in the local eSite Web settings .

• The battery Energy throughput has reached its limit value. This parameter can be changed in the local eSite Web settings.

For further information, see section Full charge cycles

Manual mode is activated when a controlled AC source, typically a genset, is manually forced on or off. This can be done from the local eSite Web or remotely via eSite Tools.

In Manual mode, normal functionalities, including power prioritizing and automatic external commands, are overridden. Manual mode is exited when all AC source controls are set to Auto.

Safe mode is activated when the battery MCB is tripped or if the main controller cannot determine the correct state of the battery bank, i.e. one or both of the battery voltage or current sensors have failed.

When Safe mode is active, the set voltage levels and the maximum battery charge current are reduced to protect the system, and the genset is commanded to run continuously to ensure that the load is supported.'

UPS Mode can be selected by the user, e.g. under Genset settings, if uninterrupted AC power supply is required. In this mode, normal hybrid operation is disabled and the Genset is continuously commanded to run. If there are Dual Gensets installed, runtime is divided between the two gensets based on a configured time interval. Operation in this mode is mainly suitable for sites with poor-quality batteries.

In Registration mode, a connected unregistered Converter Unit has been detected by the system. On the eSite Web, the user is forced into the Site Commissioning guide to complete the registration. All communication to any rectifiers and solar converters is stopped until all connected Converter Units are registered and the system exits Registration mode.

7.4 Batteries

The eSite Modular system supports usage of two different types of battery chemistry: lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Several different brands, models and sizes of batteries have premade configurations available that will simplify site commissioning and operation. New premade configurations can be created upon request. The battery parameters are also possible to set individually through several interfaces (e.g. eSite Web, eSite Tools, SNMP) in order to support new battery types and to improve performance.

7.4.1 Lead-Acid Batteries

Traditionally, conventional lead-acid batteries have been the main choice for hybrid operation on remote sites. They are attractive for a wide variety of usages due to being of relatively low cost, having a long life-time and high reliability, but they also come with drawbacks including the need for temperature compensation and bulky storage, especially for high-capacity banks.

7.4.1.1 Voltage levels

Two different set voltage levels are used when charging lead-acid batteries: Boost voltage and Float voltage.

Boost voltage is higher than float voltage and is used to improve the charge performance. However, batteries kept at boost voltage for longer periods of time eventually take damage. Float voltage is lower and is used for long periods of continuous available AC power, for example when the grid is available for a long time.

7.4.1.2 Battery states

The following battery states are defined for lead-acid batteries. The states indicate at what stage in the charge cycle the battery bank is. The battery state information is available on eSite Web.

• Discharge: The discharge state is entered when current is drawn from the batteries and the voltage is decreasing.

• Charge: Charging occurs when either the rectifiers or the solar converters are delivering constant charging current to the batteries.

• Absorb: Absorb is a charging state where the charging voltage is limited by the rectifiers or solar converters. The charging voltage has an optional temperature compensation feature. When in the Absorb state the battery bank is charged at constant voltage.

• Equalized: Equalized is an extended constant voltage charging mode to help eliminate soft sulfation in lead-acid batteries. The voltage level is adjustable.

• Fully Charged: In the Fully Charged state, the batteries are considered to be fully charged. The battery bank will remain in this state until SOC has dropped 5 % since the fully charged state was entered.

7.4.1.2 Battery charge strategies

The eSite Modular system offers four battery charge strategies to optimize the use of the lead-acid battery bank used on site. Battery charge parameters can be viewed on eSite Web under the Battery menu.

7.4.1.3 Full charge cycles

A Full Charge cycle is a longer charge cycle that charges the batteries to the maximum available capacity. Periodic use of the Full Charge cycle is needed to maintain the health of the battery bank, balance battery banks/strings and to “recalibrate” the state of charge. A Full Charge cycle charges the batteries at boost voltage until the battery is in the Fully Charged state. A Full Charge cycle can be triggered manually, for example during site commissioning, or by one of these three threshold values:

• Time interval

• Energy throughput

• Low voltage, used on Static SOC and Partial SOC charge strategies

An Extended Full Charge cycle is triggered when the battery voltage has fallen so low that both HP and LP LVD are activated. An extended full charge cycle prolongs the Full Charge cycle with an extra timer, default set to 18 hours. This is an effort to recover the battery bank from any damages caused by the low voltage. An Extended Full Charge cycle can also be triggered manually.

7.4.1.4 Charge Mode

The battery charge mode indicate what type of battery management that is currently active. The charge mode is independent of the selected charge strategy and gives information about whether the battery bank is subjected to normal charge cycling or if a scenario that overrides these settings is active, such as when a Full Charge cycle is triggered.

The active charge mode is presented under the Battery tab on eSite Web and in eSite Tools.

For handling of lead-acid batteries, one of the following charge modes is used.

• Normal Charge: Standard hybrid operation is active. The battery bank is charged/discharged according to the selected charge strategy and its associated control parameters.

• Full Charge: A Full Charge cycle has been triggered and is active.

• Extended Full Charge: An Extended Full Charge cycle has been triggered and is active.

• Safe Mode: The eSite Modular system is currently in Safe Mode and cannot determine the correct state of the battery bank. Maximum allowed charge current and set voltages are lowered to protect the system.

7.4.1.5 Temperature compensation

The temperature is of great importance regarding the health of lead-acid batteries. The temperature information is used to adjust the voltage level when the batteries are charged. At high temperatures, the batteries are charged at a lower voltage level and at low temperatures batteries are charged at a higher voltage level. This temperature compensation can be configured.

The battery temperature sensor is placed at the centre of the battery bank (see figure 7.1) and connected to the BTMP+ and - ports on the eSite RMC front.

7.4.1.6 Charge Current limit

The eSite Modular system continuously ensures that the battery max charge current is not exceeded. This threshold value for current limitation is configurable. The battery charge current is measured with a dedicated pre-installed LEM current sensor inside the battery cabinet. A positive current indicates that the batteries are being charged. A negative current indicates that the batteries are being discharged.

7.4.2 Lithium-ion batteries

An increasingly popular alternative to lead-acid batteries for powering remote sites together with the eSite Modular system is Li-ion batteries.

Due to their superior power density and sophisticated module designs, including the possibility of external communication, Li-ion batteries make for effective storage solutions of high capacity, combined with intelligent monitoring and managing, albeit at a slightly higher cost and a higher sensitivity to overcharging/overdischarging.

All commercial Li-ion battery modules relevant for this application are equipped with internal electronic protection, cell balancing circuits and supervision/alarm circuits.

The eSite Modular system is capable of managing a Li-ion battery bank of up to 16 installed BMUs connected in parallel. If a communication cable is mounted between the battery bank and the eSite RMC, all alarms and important data (e.g. Voltage, SOC, Current) from the modules are logged, presented on the local eSite Web and sent to eSite Tools. For operation without communication, or when communication is lost, this data is either measured or calculated by dedicated estimation algorithms based upon the available information about the battery type and the size of the battery bank.

The eSite RMC ensures that charging voltage levels and maximum current stays within the limits according to the battery specifications. Maximum charge current is automatically adjusted depending on how many modules are connected or if any battery fuses are tripped.

Li-ion batteries from the following manufacturers are currently integrated with the eSite Modular system. Contact eSite Power Systems for information regarding models and version.

• LG Chem

• Sacred Sun

• SAFT

• Shoto

• Vision

• Polarium (previously Incell)

See the Appendix for more information on installation and configuration of Li-ion batteries.

7.4.2.1 Voltage levels

When charging Li-ion batteries, a configurable set voltage level is used. For long periods of operation with available AC power, the set voltage is ramped down to a lower level to preserve the health of the battery bank.

These voltage levels are individual for each power source and may be preconfigured upon delivery. Normally, they are provided by the battery manufacturer.

7.4.2.2 Battery states

The following battery states are defined for Li-ion batteries. The battery state information is presented on eSite Web and in eSite Tools. For Li-ion configurations, all BMUs connected in parallel will be considered as one battery bank.

• Precharge: Precharge is the initial state of the battery state algorithm. In Precharge, the system takes necessary precautions to stop inrush currents from going into the battery bank by slowly ramping up the system voltage from a low starting point until the battery voltage is matched. When current is detected going in or out of the battery bank, the Precharge state is exited.

• Discharge: The discharge state is entered when current is drawn from the batteries and the voltage is decreasing.

• Charge: The Charge state indicates that either the rectifiers or the solar converters deliver sufficient current to charge the batteries.

• Fully Charged: In the Fully Charged state, the batteries have met the manufacturer specifications for being considered fully charged and will not accept further charging. This state is exited when the SOC has decreased by 1 % since the Fully Charged state was entered.

• Equilibrium State During equilibrium, no current flows in or out of the battery. This state is exited as soon as current going in or out of the battery bank is detected.

7.4.2.3 Li-ion battery charge strategies

The eSite Modular system currently offers two charge strategies to optimize the use of a Li-ion battery bank on site: Voltage Control (VC) and Static SOC (SSOC). Battery charge parameters can be viewed on eSite Web under the Battery menu.

The Voltage Control strategy works very similarly to the corresponding lead-acid strategy, see section Lead-acid batteries. Operation will be based on the overall measured battery voltage. This strategy is well suited for site setups with no battery communication or when SOC shall not be considered.

The Static SOC strategy starts and stops charging based on configured Start SOC and Stop SOC levels. This is arguably the best adapted strategy for Li-ion battery banks with active communication to the eSite Modular system. The strategy offers several options to control the cycling based on the reported BMU data that are configurable via the Static SOC Control Options parameter. The options are:

1. Average SOC - A charge cycle will start and stop when the average calculated SOC of the battery bank reaches the start/stop thresholds.

2. Protective SSOC - Start/stop on Min/Max BMU SOC value. A charge cycle will start when the minimum reported BMU SOC value reaches the Start SOC threshold and stop when the maximum reported BMU SOC value reaches the Stop SOC threshold. This behaviour will prevent overcharging and overdischarging of any single BMU in the bank.

3. Balancing SSOC - Start/stop on Min/Min SOC value. A charge cycle will start when the minimum reported BMU SOC value reaches the Start SOC threshold and stop when the minimum reported BMU SOC value reaches the Stop SOC threshold. This behaviour will ensure that all BMUs are charged up to the desired SOC.

Options 2 and 3 require active communication with the battery bank. In setups with no communication or if communication is lost, the SSOC strategy will be based on the calculated average SOC value for the entire battery bank regardless of the selected option.

7.4.2.4 Synchronize step

For battery banks with apparent propagating unbalance during charge cycles, a synchronization step at the end of each charge cycle can be enabled, where the BMUs are allowed to synchronize internally under a period of no or very low charge current. This final balancing touch is best performed while charging at the top of the charge cycle when internal voltage differences in the bank are more apparent and internal cell resistances are minimized. The charge current limit and the duration of this period are both configurable.

7.4.2.5 Balancing Full Charge

As a complement to regular charge cycles in hybrid operation for Li-ion batteries, optional full charge cycles, here labelled Balancing Full Charge cycles, are supported by the eSite Modular system. They are slightly different from the Full Charge cycles used for lead-acid batteries, where maintained charge current for long periods of time is necessary for ensuring good battery performance. Li-ion batteries are less sensitive to damage from partially charging the battery bank than lead-acid batteries, and do not have the same need to repeatedly be fully charged. Indeed, it can be argued that fully charging Li-ion batteries to a large extent should be avoided in order to not risk overcharging the batteries, which may cause damage. However, for a newly installed or a severely unbalanced battery bank, it might be necessary to perform a full charge cycle to reach the very top of the battery voltage/SOC characteristic and achieve appropriate balance within the bank.

Balancing Full Charge cycles are available, and will work in the same way, for both the Li-ion VC and SSoC strategies. For the SSoC strategy, a configurable safety voltage level has been introduced that will trigger a Balancing Full Charge cycle in any faulty scenario where the SOC cannot be reported or calculated correctly. This voltage level should be set to a higher value than the LP load LVD voltage level as a precaution to prevent LVD.

A Balancing Full Charge cycle can also be triggered manually via a command from the eSite Web Battery tab.

If desired, periodic Balancing Full Charge cycles may be enabled. When enabled, Balancing Full Charge cycles will be triggered automatically based on intervals of either accumulated energy throughput from the battery bank or number of completed regular charge cycles, whichever occurs first. Both interval parameters are configurable.

A Balancing Full Charge cycle is completed when the battery voltage has exceeded the BMS Fully charged voltage level and the charge current has fallen below the battery cut-off level specified by the manufacturer. Upon completion, the periodic intervals for energy throughput and number or cycles are both reset.

7.4.2.6 Charge Mode

The active charge mode is presented under the Battery tab on eSite Web and in eSite Tools.

For handling of Li-ion batteries, one of the following charge modes is used.

• Ramp Up: The battery bank is in the Precharge state and the system is slowly ramping up the voltage to avoid initial inrush currents.

• Normal Charge: Normal hybrid operation is active. The battery bank is charged/discharged according to the selected charge strategy.

• Synchronize: Synchronization of the BMUs in the battery bank is active. The battery bank is forced into the Equilibrium state and is not charged/discharged.

• Balancing Full Charge: The battery bank is currently being charged in a Balancing Full Charge cycle. The system will be in Auto Full Charge mode.

• Safe Mode: The eSite Modular system is currently in Safe Mode and cannot determine the correct state of the battery bank. Maximum allowed charge current and set voltages are lowered to protect the system.

7.4.2.7 Hybrid Shifting

The purpose of Hybrid Shifting (HS) is to increase solar production efficiency on hybrid sites during the day by having a lower battery bank SOC in the morning and thus have more solar energy captured in the batteries. The simple concept of hybrid shifting is to split a day into 2 periods where the DG stop voltage differs.

Example:

The HS configurable parameters can be set via local Web, eSite Tools and SNMP. See the Battery section for details how to configure the feature.

7.4.2.8 Peak Load Shifting

The purpose of Peak Load Shifting (PLS) is to maximize the solar energy for on-grid sites where the grid is available and stable. The idea behind the feature is to power the site load and charge the Li-ion battery bank with solar power as much as possible during daytime. The functionality steps in order to achieve this are as follows:

1. During the night, the grid will be used to power the load and keep the battery bank at Vmax, normally at float voltage.

2. At a predetermined and configurable time (PLS_start_time), the rectifiers are inhibited and the battery bank will power the load until the battery bank voltage has reached an adjustable voltage set point (PLS_Voltage).

3. Grid will maintain the battery bank at the PLS_Voltage level if solar power is not sufficient to carry the customer load.

4. If grid becomes unavailable and the battery bank reaches the DG start voltage, the genset will start. At this point, PLS functionality will be suspended and Hybrid Shifting will take over until the battery bank reaches the genset stop voltage and the genset is shut off again.

5. At a configurable time (PLS_end_time), the grid should be used to charge the battery bank at full power up to the Vmax float voltage level.

The configuration parameters can be set via the local eSite Web, eSite Tools and SNMP. See the the Battery settings section for details how to configure the feature.

7.5 Genset

This section describes the management of a connected AC Genset by the eSite Modular system.

The eSite RMC automatically starts and stops the genset when requested by the selected battery charge strategy, voltage level or set time. The genset start signal is controlled by a relay that is closed when the system requires the genset to start. The output relay can be configurable via the local web.

The eSite RMC determines the genset power request and controls the genset power output to ensure that the genset is not overloaded.

7.5.1 Genset modes

• Ready. Genset is ready to start, waiting for a charge request.

• Start request. Genset is requested to start. It stays in this mode until eSite sense voltage.

• Warm up. Warming up genset without any power request.

• Ramp up. The requested power is linearly ramping up.

• Running. Genset is providing power.

• Ramp down. Genset is ramping down.

• Cooldown. Genset is running in idle without any power output.

• Off state. Waiting for the genset to turn off. The state is active until the genset has stopped or 5 min has passed.

The times for the genset warm up, ramp up/down and cooldown stages can be configured.

7.5.2 Genset Communication

Apart from the start/stop signal cable, there are a number of ways of sending useful information from a genset to the eSite Modular system.

• Digital Inputs. The eSite RMC has 6 available configurable inputs to be used for genset signal relays, 3 inputs for genset 1 and 3 inputs for genset 2. Each relay is triggered when an internal Genset alarm is activated, which will in turn activate an alarm in th eSite Modular system. The input relays can be configured as normally open, normally closed or not used.

• Modbus. The eSite RMC supports communication with genset panels to read signals and alarms directly from a genset AMF panel. The supported protocol for this communication is Modbus-RTU. Configuration for different genset panels can be customized on site or a premade configuration set can be created upon request. The data and alarms that are retrieved from the genset panel are stored and logged, both locally and remotely, every 10 minutes.

7.5.3 Dual Genset

The eSite Modular system supports operation with two connected gensets. Only one genset at a time can deliver power to the system. In regular hybrid operation, the system alternates the charge cycles between the two gensets. If one genset fails during operation, the other genset is immediately commanded to start.

For example:

• Genset 1 fails during a charge cycle.

• The start command to genset 1 stops. Genset 2 is commanded to start and completes the charge cycle.

• Next charge cycle starts with genset 1. If genset 1 does not start, genset 2 will be commanded to start.

7.5.4 Genset Runtime and Service

The eSite Modular system keeps track of the total genset runtime and the remaining time (hours) until genset service is required. The service interval and when the alarm is triggered can be configured. Total runtime can be reset manually.

7.5.5 Estimated Time to Genset Start

When the Static SOC or the Partial SOC charge strategy is selected, the eSite Modular system estimates the time until the genset starts next time. The estimation is based on the discharge current and the low SOC threshold level where the charge cycle starts.

7.6 Night Silence

The Night Silence feature enabled the user to define a time period where genset operation is not desired and where the system prevents the genset from running. This is applicable mainly during the night for sites where the area around the site is populated.

The Night Silence period start and stop times can be configured. The system is able to pre-charge the battery bank to ensure that it is sufficiently charged when the Night Silence period starts. The Night Silence period can be configured to end at the configured stop time only or, if desired, by an emergency battery condition, i.e. a reached voltage or SOC level, whichever occurs first. Outside of the Night Silence period, the configured charge strategy will be used as usual.

Night Silence mode can be used for both off- and on-grid sites. For on-grid sites, pre-charge of the battery bank is usually not required. If the grid fails during the silent period the configuration determines when the genset is allowed to start.

When the Night Silence feature is inactive or disabled, charge cycles are performed without interference. The Night Silence feature is disabled by default.

7.6.1 Night Silence Pre-charge

The Night Silence pre-charge function charges the battery bank to a state where its autonomy time is enough to complete the Night Silence period. The function calculates the required number of ampere-hours (Ah) required for battery autonomy time based on the present site load and the duration of the silence period.

The following formula is the estimate of the preceding charge time in hours where Autonomy Ampere Hours is the needed energy required by the batteries for the duration of the Night Silence period. Safety margin is a configured threshold for the energy level that battery bank should be at in the end of the period. Present battery capacity is the capacity of the battery dynamically calculated, and the max charge current is the max allowed charge current.

7.6.2 Night Silence Active

For Night Silence to accurately shut off the genset at the configured time the site utilizes Network Time Protocol (NTP) time synchronization or is synchronized from eSite Tools. A local time zone must be configured at each site.

During an active Night Silence period, the genset is not commanded to start. The tenant receives power as long as the Low Voltage Disconnect is not triggered. The configurations are usually set for the period to be aborted before this happens. Manual start of the genset during the period overrides the Night Silence functionality and will start the genset.

7.6.3 Night Silence Aborted

The Night Silence period can be ended before the stop time is reached to allow the genset to start for several reasons .

7.6.3.1 Stop on charge request

If the stop on charge request configuration is ON, Night Silence is stopped when a charge request is triggered by the charge strategy. This configuration is usually used when the pre-charge cycle is desired to prepare the batteries for the night but standard charge strategy still is used.

A charge request always starts the genset if grid or solar is not available. A full charge cycle triggered by time or energy is postponed until the end of the Night Silence period. A full charge cycle not triggered by time or energy aborts the Night Silence period regardless if it was triggered during or before the Night Silence period.

7.6.3.2 Do not stop on charge request

If stop on charge request is OFF, the Night Silence period is aborted by the battery bank reaching a configured voltage level or a SOC level, whichever occurs first. A deeper discharge than intended by the charge strategy can be achieved to prolong the Night Silence period. The values can be set below the Low Voltage Disconnect threshold.

7.7 Solar

The eSite Modular system supports DC/DC conversion of solar array power through the RSE and SE converter units. The RSE unit is equipped with three (3) internal solar converters for a maximum capacity of 6.6 kW converted solar power and the SE unit is equipped with six (6) internal solar converters for a maximum of 13.2 kW converted solar power. The internal solar converters require no configuration and use individual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms to maximize the harvested solar power continuously.

7.7.1 Solar Management

The internal solar converters are designed for use with mono-crystalline and polycrystalline solar panels with 72 cells and 6 inch wafers. An optimal solar array is easily configured with these types of panels. It is also possible to use panels with other number of cells.

7.7.2 Green Power Influx

The Green Power Influx (GPI) component maximizes solar energy harvesting in relation to other power sources. When sufficient solar power is available, GPI becomes active and power drawn from the genset(s) and grid is inhibited.

Activation of the GPI functionality depends on the following conditions:

• Green Power mode must be enabled.

• Solar Power is sufficient.

• Battery state of charge (SOC) is sufficient.

• Batteries are in Normal charge mode and voltage is above limit.

• System voltage is above limit.

• Specified time interval (if applied).

Solar power is sufficient when it holds a configurable percentage of the load. To avoid frequent start and stop of the genset in case the solar power fluctuates, a delay timer for entering and exiting GPI is used to make sure that the solar power is sufficient and stable. This delay timer can be configured.

To ensure that the backup time is sufficient in case of a genset or grid failure, the battery bank must be above certain SOC and voltage threshold levels before GPI is activated. These thresholds are configurable, see Solar section for details how to configure the feature.

The GPI function is always in one of the following states:

• Disabled. GPI is disabled (default)

• Inactive. GPI is enabled by the user, but the solar power is insufficient or the eSite Modular system is currently in Safe mode.

• Stopped. Solar power is sufficient, but the battery voltage or SoC is too low.

• Idle. The solar power has not reached the selected load percent activation level (Load Percent operational mode), or current time is outside the selected time interval (Time Interval operational mode).

• Active. All conditions are fulfilled, genset(s) and grid are inhibited and the solar power is fully utilized.

Green Power Influx has two (2) operational modes to choose from when activated: Load Percent mode and Time Interval mode.

7.7.2.1 Load Percent Mode

Load Percent mode is the default operational mode for GPI. This mode is suitable for all AC source configurations and when active, it inhibits both grid and genset from running.

In Load Percent operational mode, GPI is activated and the AC sources are switched off at a predetermined percentage of Solar power with respect to the customer load. AC power remains inhibited as long as the Solar power is sufficient. When the Solar power drops to a certain percentage level of the customer load, GPI is deactivated and AC power is allowed again to continue charging of the batteries (see figure 7.2).

For the example above, the Solar Load activation threshold is set to 80 % of the customer load and the deactivation threshold is set to 70 % of the customer load.

If the Grid is the primary AC source, the GPI component switches off and reengages the grid at predetermined percentage levels of solar power with respect to the customer load. An example of this scenario is given in figure 7.3.

7.7.2.2 Time Interval Mode

In Time Interval mode, specified times are set to enable/disable the AC source(s) according to when the Solar power is expected to be sufficient to support the customer load. The start/stop times of this function are configurable.

The Time Interval operational mode is mainly intended for use on sites with reliable grid connections and high solar output during daytime. When the purpose is to disable the genset from running in a specified time interval, it is recommended to use the Night Silence function instead.

Thus, in a typical application scenario for an on-grid site with good grid quality, the customer can choose a disable time where the grid is disabled and an enable time for the site to re-enable the grid. An example of such a scenario is given figure (7.4).

7.8 Grid control

Grid control is the collection of functions that monitors and manages the power extraction of a connected grid. The system is designed for a three-phase grid connection, but is also capable of handling single phase connections.

Each rectifier measures its AC phase voltage and frequency independently. If one phase is invalid, any other rectifiers connected to valid phases continue to operate at full performance. A phase is valid inside these ranges:

• Voltage active range 85 – 300 Hz.

• Frequency active range 45 – 65 Hz.

Outside of these ranges, the phase is considered invalid and the rectifier is disabled.

The performance of the rectifiers is monitored and presented as Grid status:

• Invalid. All rectifiers are disabled due to insufficient phase voltage and/or frequency. Grid is not available.

• Inhibited. Grid is available on at least one phase, but all rectifiers are inhibited from running and no power from grid is extracted. This state is entered when GPI is active or when the genset is prioritized to run, e.g. with an active Exercise Run request or when the genset is forced on.

• Partial. One or two phases are valid, the rectifiers are active and running. Grid is partially available.

• Ok. All three phases are valid, the rectifiers are active and running. Grid is available.

Power extraction from grid is limited by the size of the grid fuse. This value can be configured to ensure the fuse is not tripped and overloaded.

7.9 UPS mode

As an alternative to regular hybrid operation, the eSite Modular system can be set into an 'uninterruptible power supply' (UPS) mode, where AC power is being utilized constantly. The main purpose of the UPS mode is to always keep the site on-line and the batteries fully charged. This application is mainly intended for use on sites with poor-quality batteries that cannot be relied upon to carry the customer load for any length of time. The battery bank will always be in the Charge state regardless of SOC and charge current, and will normally be kept at the float voltage level. Periodic or singular Full Charge cycles at boost voltage level can be activated via settings.

For site setups with one AC source, i.e. a single genset or grid only, activation of this feature simply means that the available AC source will always be commanded to deliver power to the site.

As in normal hybrid operation, DC solar power may be utilized at all times in conjunction with the AC source(s). However, the Green Power Influx and Genset Night Silence features are not compatible with UPS AC mode and shall be disabled.

For grid/genset site configurations, AC power from either grid or genset may be utilized in UPS AC mode, with grid having higher priority than the genset. If one AC source fails, the second source is immediately commanded to start delivering power to the site.

For dual genset site configurations, equal runtime of the two gensets is achieved by regularly switching between the gensets based on a timer. Both gensets are requested to run before switching source to ensure minimum downtime. If one genset fails while running, an alarm is triggered and a start request to the second genset is commanded. The time to detect malfunction and activate the alarm is configurable with the "Genset start alarm delay time" parameter. See section Genset settings for more information.

7.10 Load Control

The eSite Modular system is equipped with dual Load Disconnect breakers that are controlled automatically. This makes it possible to divide the customer load into two parts of different priority, a low priority (LP) part and a high priority (HP) part. In any faulty scenario where the system, due to a major malfunction such as the genset not being able to start, is unable to properly support the load and charge the battery bank, the system is eventually protected by tripping the breakers, disconnecting the load.

In such a scenario, the LP customer load may be selected to disconnect before the HP load. The HP load is generally intended to be of smaller size than the LP load. Check the data sheet for default limitations of the HP and LP loads.

This functionality is designed to keep the site online for as long as possible in faulty scenarios and to protect the health of the batteries.

7.10.1 Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

The customer load is disconnected if incoming power is unavailable and the battery voltage falls below a configurable voltage threshold for a specified time (also configurable).

By disconnecting the customer load at low voltage levels, the battery bank is prevented from completely discharging. However, the delay timer makes it possible to handle sudden voltage drops upon engaging loads, i.e. if a load is engaged and the voltage drops below the defined threshold.

All LVD parameters are configurable on the eSite Web, see the Load disconnect settings.

7.10.1.1 LP Load LVD

When the system voltage falls below the threshold for LP load disconnect, the LP load will be disconnected after the LP load disconnect timer has expired . An alarm for LP load LVD will be triggered.

When incoming power is available again, the battery voltage recovers to the LP load reconnect volt threshold and the total delivered current exceeds the LP load reconnect current threshold (default 20 A), the load will be reconnected after a short LP load reconnect time .

For a quick recovery with a rapid increase to high voltage levels, the LP load may also be reconnected when the battery voltage exceeds the LP load fast reconnect level threshold without any delay.

7.10.1.2 HP Load LVD

HP load LVD functionality is disabled by default, but can be enabled with the HP load LVD enable setting. When this functionality is enabled, separate LVD settings (also configurable) for the HP load will be used.

If HP load LVD is disabled, the HP load will be disconnected and reconnected with the same settings as for the LP load LVD.

If HP load functionality is enabled and the HP load gets disconnected before the LP load, e.g. in case of a rapid voltage decrease, this will also trigger an LP load disconnect. Typically, the HP LVD has a lower voltage disconnect level but a shorter disconnect time. This will prevent the LP load from continuing to discharge the batteries.

7.10.2 Multi-tenant Monitoring

The eSite Modular system supports monitoring of up to ten (10) tenants separately. The total consumed load, including both HP and LP loads, is measured and logged. Auxiliary equipment on site is not included.

The sensors shall be connected via CAN, see detailed info in the Operations manual.

7.11 Cabinet Cooling

The eSite Modular system has a feature where it is possible to control, i.e. turn on/off, an external cooling device connected to a digital output port. The feature consists of turning this device on/off with a relay as a function of temperature.

The function can be used to control the temperature in the battery cabinet to further extend the battery lifetime in areas where appropriate battery temperature is not guaranteed by the site environmental conditions.

The Ambient temperature sensor and the Battery temperature sensors are required by the function. If one of them are invalid, the function will be in "Fallback" mode and the output will be ON.

The Digital output relay shall be configured to one of the standard output relays on the I/O board. See Configuration

The function can be set to operate in two different modes: Delta Ambient mode, which is based on the temperature difference between the battery and ambient temperatures, and Battery Temperature mode, which uses absolute temperature levels to start/stop cooling.

All Cabinet Cooling configurations can be made in the local eSite Web pages, see the Cabinet Cooling settings.

7.12 Fuel Monitoring

The Fuel Monitoring functionality gives the customer detailed information about the fuel level, consumption and abnormal events. Volume level, consumed, filled and lost volume is tracked and logged. Using fuel monitoring makes it easier to plan when to refill fuel.

A fuel monitoring sensor is connected to an Analogue In 0–10 V port and receives power from the 24 V output. All of the Analogue In 1-4 ports are available for configuration of fuel sensors. Two fuel sensors can be connected at the same time in order to monitor two separate tanks. By default, the fuel sensor for tank 1 is configured on Analogue In 1 and the fuel sensor for tank 2 is configured on Analogue In 2.

Filled and lost volume is calculated when a volume change has been detected. A volume change is triggered when the volume changes rapidly. This is configured as a percentage of the total tank volume / time span. Default is 4 % / 30 min.

The thresholds for low and very low fuel level alarms are configurable. A 'Sensor out of range' alarm is triggered when the voltage output of the sensor is outside its configured range.

7.13 Communication interfaces

7.13.1 SNMP

eSite Modular provides support for SNMP communication. A complete MIB with all signals specified can be requested from eSite Power Systems.

7.13.2 CAN

eSite Modular supports communication via the CAN protocol and can be used with e.g. Li-ion batteries or external LEM current sensors.

A.1 Installation and Configuration of Lithium-ion Battery with Modbus Communications

The eSite Modular RMC controller can be configured to read data from a battery monitoring system (BMS) used on a lithium-ion battery bank. The BMS data is used for presentation and high precision control of the battery charge cycles.

All communication to external BMS systems is handled via an RS485 connector, connected to the C7:1 (Data A) and C7:2 (Data B) ports on the RMC front and the corresponding connectors on the battery. The utilized protocol is Modbus-RTU and all data signals and alarms are pre-defined from a Modbus register provided by the battery manufacturer.

The following steps describe the configuration of one of the supported lithium-ion batteries. Note that the settings differ between different battery manufacturers.

A.1.1 Battery Installation

1. Follow the manufacturer's installation guide to install the batteries and connect them to the eSite Modular 0 V and -48 V bus bars.

2. Connect the battery RS485 (Data A) output wire to the RMC RS485 connector, C7:1 (Data A) (see figure A.1).

3. Connect the battery RS485 (Data B) output wire to the RMC RS485 connector, C7:2 (Data B) (see figure A.1).

4. It is important to assign a unique Slave-ID to each Li-ion Battery Monitoring Unit (BMU). Note that Slave-ID '1' must be assigned to the BMU with RS485 communication cable connected (the 'main' BMU) and continue in ascending order with the following BMU(s). How to set the Slave-IDs is specified in the manufacturer's manual. In some cases, this is performed automatically by the external BMS.

A.1.2 eSite Modular Configurations

All settings are configured from the local eSite Web under Settings/Modbus Communication. You may find detailed descriptions of the relevant parameters here.

To complete the eSite Modular configuration for Li-ion battery communication, follow these steps:

1. Connect to the eSite Modular Wi-Fi named 'eSite + serial' number. See Site Commissioning on how to connect to Wi-Fi.

2. Login to the site with the user: Admin. The password is provided by eSite Power Systems.

3. Open the Settings page and select the Battery tab.

4. Select a battery template for the installed Li-ion battery and press the 'Press to select battery template' button.

5. Open the Settings page and select the 'Modbus Communication' tab (see figure A.2).

6. Enable communication to Li-ion BMS by selecting the 'ON' setting.

7. Set the number of installed Li-ion modules, max number of modules is 16. The eSite Modular system requires that the first module (BMU) is assigned slave-ID '1'.

8. Select the Modbus communication protocol from the drop-down menu matching the selected battery type.

9. Set the RS485 Baudrate according to the manufacturer's manual.

10. After making any changes, restart the Modbus communication by pressing 'Restart'.

11. To check the communication, open the Battery page and check the BMU status under the Battery menu tab.

A.2 Installation and Configuration of AMF Panel

Many manufacturers of Genset AMF panels can communicate via a serial line (daisy-chain). eSite Modular supports communication over Modbus-RTU protocol half-duplex RS-485. Over this communication, it is possible to read data, alarms and set commands. Two (2) Genset panels can be configured at one site.

All communication to the AMF panel is handled via the RS485 connector, connected to the C7-1 (Data A) and C7-2 (Data B) ports on the RMC front and the corresponding connectors on the panel. All settings, such as baudrate and slave-ID, are configured in the local web Configuration/Modbus Communication pages. You may find detailed descriptions of the parameters here.

To configure the Modbus data and alarms requires knowledge of how the AMF panel Modbus register is set up. You may find detailed description of the parameters here.

It is possible to export and import pre-defined AMF-panel configurations by following the steps in the 'Upload Configuration Data' section. Contact eSite Power Systems for support.

Figure A.3 shows an example of the local eSite Web configuration of a DSE-7320 AMF panel. The Baudrate is set to 9600 and the Slave-ID on the AMF panel is set to 16.

A.3 System Update

The eSite Modular system includes and supports between 4 and 19 individual controllers which all can be updated with new firmware if needed. All updates are initiated by manual execution via the local eSite Web or remotely via eSite Tools. Remote updates are performed upon request by eSite Power Systems.

A.3.1 Update Main Controller

The main controller is based on the Linux operating system. Before you update the system, always make a backup of the configuration files, see section Backup Data.

1. Make sure you have a new firmware file (.rmc, .en4) located on your PC.

2. Connect to the eSite Modular Wi-Fi named 'eSite + serial number'.

3. Login to the local eSite Web as Admin. The password is provided by eSite Power Systems.

4. Press the Settings menu and then the 'System' tab (see figure A.4).

1. Press the 'Update eSite Modular Controllers' link (see figure A.5).

1. On the update page, press the 'Select file' link, choose the update file from your PC and then 'Upload file'. Follow the instructions from the page.

2. The update can take up to 5 minutes to process.

3. After update, login again and check that the new version is presented in the About page.

A.3.2 Update ACDC/Solar/IO Controllers

Software updates of the micro-controllers are initiated from the local eSite Web in the same way as for the main controller. Update packages may be retrieved from eSite Power Systems.

1. The package file name can be anything but must have the extension '.sl4'

2. Follow steps 2-6 above.

3. Return to System page.

A.3.3 Backup Data

Backup configuration data is useful when sharing data between sites. You can share Battery configurations and Modbus setups. There is also a feature to backup log data.

1. Connect to the local eSite WiFi named 'eSite + serial number'. See Site Commissioning on how to connect to Wifi.

2. Login to the local eSite Web page as Admin. The password is provided by eSite Power Systems.

3. Press the Configuration menu and then the System tab.

4. Press the 'Backup Data' link (see figure A.6).

5. On the backup page, choose backup type in the drop down, select a name (which must end with .flx) and press download button.

A.3.4 Upload Configuration Data

From the local eSite Web, it is possible to upload a downloaded set of configurations or a configuration file delivered from eSite Power Systems.

1. Connect to the local eSite WiFi named 'eSite + serial number'. See Site Commissioning how to connect to Wifi.

2. Login to the local eSite Web (192.168.42.1) as Admin. The password is provided by eSite Power Systems.

3. Press the 'Settings' menu and navigate to the 'System' tab.

4. Press the 'Upload Configuration Data' link. See figure 1.

5. In the restore page, select a file by pressing the link, the file (.flx), then press 'Upload file'.

6. Follow the instructions from the page.

7. Return to system page.

A.3.5 Option File

The eSite RMC controller requires an option file to be installed to enable all desired options. Without installing an option file, the system will operate with very limited functionality. Before performing Site Commissioning, make sure you have retrieved a valid option file (.lic) which includes the serial number of the RMC controller and the options you have purchased.

One single option file can include several RMC serial numbers with different options. Make sure you have the correct file before starting Site Commissioning.

If you are planning to update the firmware, please do so before installing the option file. Follow the System Update guide to update the firmware.

A.3.5.1 Delivery Mode

All eSite Modular systems with the RMC controller will be delivered without any option file installed. When the RMC is powered on for the first time, the system will enter a 'Delivery mode' where the following default options are set:

• Input Source A is set to Grid

• Input Source B is disabled

• Built-in Solar converters are disabled

• Tenant monitoring are disabled

A.3.5.2 First installation of Option File

Upon the first start-up of the RMC controller, the RMC option file is installed during the Site Commissioning (see figure A.7), before registering any unregistered converter units. Please refer to the Site Commissioning guide for complete Site Commissioning instructions.

A.3.5.3 Update Option File

Updates of the RMC option file during operation, e.g. due to changes in purchased options, is performed on the 'Settings' page under the 'System' tab.

Press the 'Update eSite options' link and upload the new option file.

6.1 Alarm Management

The most important tool for monitoring the operation status of the eSite Modular system and its associated equipment is the Alarm control feature in the software. The Alarm control feature will trigger (and reset) alarms based on given conditions, indicating that abnormal or faulty events have occurred on site. In this section the various alarms are described and explained, aiming to facilitate troubleshooting and taking corrective actions that may be necessary. Active alarms are presented with name and severity level on eSite Web and on eSite Tools. Furthermore, some thresholds for triggering and resetting alarms are configurable via eSite Web and eSite Tools. Alarms are divided into the following types based on severity.

6.2 Troubleshooting

A good strategy for use of this document for troubleshooting and correcting any problems or unwanted system behaviour can be as follows:

1. Check the alarm list to identify the active alarm with highest severity level and follow the instructions for suggested actions.

2. Document your actions for future reference.

3. When the issue is resolved, verify that the alarm automatically resets itself and disappears from the alarm list in eSite Web and eSite Tools. Not that a few alarms have to be manually reset by the user, e.g. the Genset maintenance timer: Expired alarm.

4. Repeat the procedure for all active alarms in high-to-low severity order.

5. If the attempt to resolve the issue failed (the alarm is still active), or if a particular alarm is repeatedly activated for unknown reasons, please contact first line support.

6.3 eSite RMC LEDs

On the front of the eSite RMC there are six visual LED indicators, see figure 6.1. The three LEDs on the left-hand side are controlled by the main CPU and the three LEDs on the right-hand side are controlled by the I/O controller. The LEDs give an on-site indication of the current state of the system.

6.4 Internal Alarm List

6.4.1 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Faulty

Description: The ambient (outside) temperature sensor is not properly connected. See Ambient temperature sensor for connection details.

Severity: Error

6.4.2 Battery Bank: MCB Tripped

Description: MCB to battery bank has tripped. Batteries are unable to provide power to the eSite Modular system and customer load. Only external power sources (genset, grid and solar) can sustain the site. The system enters Safe mode. Genset runs continuously until the issue is solved. No backup time is available.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.3 Battery Charge Current Sensor Error

Description: Battery charge current sensor mounted inside the cabinet has failed. The system enters Safe mode. Charge request is active continuously until the issue is solved.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.4 Battery Temperature: High Average

Description: The temperature sensor is placed inside the battery cabinet. The average battery temperature has been high for a long duration of time and the battery bank might take permanent damage if the issue is not fixed.

Severity: Error

6.4.5 Battery Temperature: High

Description: The temperature sensor is placed inside the battery cabinet. Battery temperature is high and the battery bank might take permanent damage if the issue is not fixed.

Severity: Warning

6.4.6 Battery Temperature: Very High

Description: The temperature sensor is placed inside the battery cabinet. Battery temperature is very high and the battery bank might take permanent damage if not fixed.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.7 Battery Temperature: Poor Cooling Performance

Description: Temperature in battery cabinet is significantly larger than the outside temperature.

Severity: Warning

6.4.8 Battery Temperature Sensor Faulty

Description: The sensor is not properly connected. The polarity is wrong. See Battery temperature sensor for connection details.

Severity: Error

6.4.9 Battery Voltage: High

Description: Battery voltage is high and the batteries will take permanent damage if issue is not resolved.

Severity: Warning

6.4.10 Battery Voltage: Low

Description: Battery voltage is low and the customer load will disconnect if not resolved. The eSite Modular system is not able to receive sufficient power from the input power sources.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.11 Battery Voltage Sensor Faulty

Description: The sensor measuring the battery voltage is faulty. First valid ACDC/Solar voltage will be used as a fallback. Connection problem. See Battery voltage sensor for connection details.

Severity: Error

6.4.12 CPU Temperature Derating

Description: The main CPU frequency is throttled due to high internal temperature. The maximum rectifier output power has been reduced.

Severity: Warning

6.4.13 Database Initialization Error

Description: eSite Web does not show the correct values, or no values at all, and can show database related errors. Signal data may not be logged on site. Site configuration can be incorrect with default values used instead.

Severity: Error

6.4.14 Digital In 1-20: Active

Description: Digital Input port is activated. The user may configure any available Digital In port to indicate a customized alarm of their own choice by connecting the alarm mechanism to an indicator relay connected to the Digital In port. The user is responsible for keeping track of what a specific Digital In: Active alarm signifies and for taking appropriate actions on the alarm. No further action is taken by the eSite Modular System on a Digital In: Active alarm.

Severity: Warning

6.4.15 Fuel Monitor 1-2: Fuel Filled

Description: Genset tank has been filled.

Severity: Information

6.4.16 Fuel Monitor 1-2: Fuel Lost

Description: The fuel sensor has detected a sudden fuel loss.

Severity: Warning

6.4.17 Fuel Monitor 1-2: Low Level

Description: Fuel is below the setup low volume threshold.

Severity: Information

6.4.18 Fuel Monitor 1-2: Sensor Out of Range

Description: Sensor measurements are outside its specified voltage range. See Fuel sensors for connection details.

Severity: Warning

6.4.19 Fuel Monitor 1-2: Very Low Level

Description: Fuel Sensor measurements are below the very low volume threshold.

Severity: Warning

6.4.20 Genset 1-2 Communication Error

Description: Modbus Communication to genset panel has failed and the eSite RMC is unable to read data from the genset.

Severity: Warning

6.4.21 Genset 1-2 External Alarm 1-3: Tripped

Description: Genset external alarm relay has tripped.

Severity: Warning

6.4.22 Genset 1-2 Failed to Start

Description: Genset does not start on active start command.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.23 Genset 1-2 Failed to Stop

Description: Genset does not stop on inactive start command.

Severity: Error

6.4.24 Genset 1-2 Maintenance Timer: Expired

Description: Time limit for genset maintenance has expired. Scheduled Hours to maintenance.

Severity: Warning

6.4.25 Grid Not Available

Description: Input power from grid is not available. Voltage is out of range 85 – 300 V. Frequency is out of range 45 – 65 Hz.

Severity: Warning

6.4.26 High Priority Load: Disconnected

Description: High priority customer load is disconnected due to low voltage.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.27 High Priority Load: High Power

Description: Total high priority load is higher than the rated value.

Severity: Error

6.4.28 I/O Communication Failure

Description: Communication to I/O controller has failed, eSite RMC is not able to read I/O signals.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.29 Load Tenant 1-10: Max Power

Description: Max total power load threshold is reached.

Severity: Warning

6.4.30 Load Total: Max Power

Description: Max total power load threshold is reached.

Severity: Warning

6.4.31 Low Priority Load: Disconnected

Description: Low priority customer load has been disconnected due to low battery voltage.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.32 Converter Unit 1-3: Unit Communication Failed

Description: Communication to rectifier/solar controllers has failed. The converter unit may not deliver power.

Severity: Error

6.4.33 Rectifier 1-9: High Temp Power Reduced

Description: Due to high internal temperature, the maximum rectifier output power has been reduced.

Severity: Warning

6.4.34 Rectifier 1-9: Internal Critical Error

Description: Rectifier does not supply power.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.35 Solar 1-18: Array Voltage High

Description: Solar converter measures the input voltage above the threshold in the data sheet. The array has too high voltage. No solar power is produced.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.36 Solar 1-18: Array Voltage Negative

Description: Reversed polarity. Solar panel minus terminal may be connected to ground.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.37 Solar 1-18: Communication Failed

Description: Communication to solar converter has failed. The RMC is not able to read solar signals.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.38 Solar Converter 1-18: Internal Critical Error

Description: Solar converter does not supply power.

Severity: Fatal

6.4.39 Solar Volt Offset Calibration Error

Description: Any of the solar converters measures its voltage ±1V compared to the system voltage.

Severity: Error

6.4.40 Surge Protection 100 kA: Tripped

Description: External Surge protection for genset/grid 100 kA has tripped.

Severity: Error

6.4.41 Tenant 1-10 Current Sensor Faulty

Description: The sensor measuring the tenant current is invalid.

Severity: Warning

6.5 External alarm list

6.5.1 Genset

To receive Genset alarms, a Modbus communication to the AMF panel on the Genset is required.

• HighBatteryVoltage

• LowBatteryVoltage

• ChargerAcFailure

• FailToStart

• FailToStop

• LowCoolantTemperature

• HighCoolantTemperature

• LowOilPressure

• OverSpeed

• LowFuelLevel

• HighAcVoltage

• LowAcVoltage

• UnderFrequency

• Overload

• Overcurrent

• ShortCircuit

• ReverseKW

• ReverseKVAR

• FailToClose

• EmergencyStop

• OilPressureSwitch

• CoolantTemperatureSwitch

• FuelLevelSwitch

• WarningAlarmActive

• ElectricalAlarmActive

• ShutdownAlarmActive

• ControlUnitFailure

• ControlUnitNotConfigured

• Alarm1

• Alarm2

• Alarm3

6.5.2 Lithium-ion batteries

The alarms communicated from external Li-ion BMS systems differ between the various manufacturers. Each supported battery brand has its own list of alarms which is mapped by, and presented in, the eSite Modular system. Specific battery communication protocol are selected in the Battery Settings on the local eSite Web.

10.1 Strategy

In the case of an issue with the eSite Modular system, an alarm is usually triggered. For more information on how to handle alarms, see section Alarm list. This chapter is a complement to the Alarm list and is used for issues that do not have an alarm connected to them.

1. Check the troubleshooting table and follow the instructions for suggested actions.

2. Document your actions.

3. If any issue still occurs, contact first line support.

10.2 Troubleshooting List

10.2.1 Connectivity

10.2.2 Solar

10.2.3 Other

4.1 Overview

The eSite Web interface is accessed on site via a laptop or a smartphone using Wifi or LAN cable, see Site Commissioning on how to connect to Wifi. The interface provides the user with an overview of the status of the eSite Modular system and active alarms. It also offers possibilities to configure the system, update controller softwares and download backup data.

From the front page, which displays an overview of the most important system information, tabs with more detailed information about various system parts are accessed. An example of the view on the eSite Web front page is shown in Figure 4.1. Click the labels on the menu bar to access the detailed information sections and to configure the system.

The eSite Web front page contains the following information about the specific eSite Modular system.

4.2 User Levels

eSite Web supports two user levels, 'Operator' and 'Admin'. Each user requires a unique user name and a password. Default passwords are provided by eSite Power Systems. Passwords may only be changed by an 'Admin' user.

4.3 Battery Information

The Battery menu provides the information in the table below. For further information about operating the batteries, please refer to the reference Batteries section.

4.4 Genset Information

The eSite Modular system supports operation of up to two (2) gensets connected simultaneously. The configured gensets are visible under the Genset tab. The Genset tab provides the information shown in the table below. For further information about Gensets, read the reference section Genset(s).

4.5 Solar Information

Information from all connected solar converters are displayed under the Solar menu. The Solar menu provides the information shown in the table below. For further information about solar arrays, read the reference in section Solar management.

4.6 Grid Information

The Grid tab provides the information shown in the table below. For further information about Grid read the reference in section Grid

4.7 Alarm Information

The Alarm tab displays any active alarms on site. For a full list of alarms with descriptions and recommended actions, see section Alarm list. The eSite Web Alarm menu provides information about Active alarms and the time of activation for each alarm.

4.8 Graphs

The eSite Web 'Graphs' page provides the graphs given in the table below. Enter the number of days to display in the graphs and click Submit. The default graphs present data for a period of one day.

The graphs show plots of commonly used system data for a selected period of time in order to facilitate on-site troubleshooting and interpreting alarms. The example in Figure 4.2 shows the temperature data for a period of ten (10) days.

4.9 About

The About menu provides the information shown in the table below.

If a modem is installed , the modem signal strength is displayed as an RSSI classification as follows: 0-10 (Poor), 11-14 (OK), 15-19 (Good), 20-30 (Excellent). If there is an error with the signal, it is shown under this menu.

4.10 Settings

Under the 'Settings' tab, all user settings required for the eSite Modular system and its associated systems are managed. Current settings and values are visible in the column 'Current value'. To update settings and values, enter the new information in the 'Set' column and click 'Save' to confirm the update. The 'Save' button must be clicked for each configuration. The 'Settings' tab is divided into subsections according to the shortcut table below (please click to find relevant configuration parameters) and Figure 4.3.

4.10.1 Settings content

Site Info

eSite Tools

Inputs/Outputs

Genset

Grid

Solar

Cabinet Cooling

Fuel monitoring

Tenants

Battery

Load disconnect

Modbus communication

System

Site commissioning

4.10.2 Site Info

In this section, the user may set the name, location and time of the eSite Modular system.

4.10.3 eSite Tools

In this section, parameters for connecting the eSite RMC to a specific eSite Tools server are set.

4.10.4 Inputs/Outputs

Use this configuration menu when updating the I/O settings. For more information about I/O see I/O screw terminals where the connection is made.

4.10.4.1 Digital Inputs

The eSite RMC front interface includes 20 Digital Input relay ports with configurable functionality, primarily used for triggering various events when the connected input relay has tripped. The specific functionality of each Digital Input port is configurable from here.

4.10.4.2 Analogue Inputs

The eSite RMC front interface includes 4 Analogue Input ports with configurable functionality, that currently supports use of 0-10 V fuel sensors for fuel monitoring. The specific functionality of each Analogue Input port is configurable from here.

4.10.4.3 Digital Outputs

The eSite RMC front interface includes 10 Digital output ports with configurable functionality. Currently supported functions for Digital Output ports are Genset start commands and start/stop of the Cabinet Cooling equipment. The specific functionality of each Digital Output port is configurable from here.

4.10.4.4 Temperature Sensor Settings

From here, it is possible to individually configure the parameters of the Steinhart equation for thyristor temperature conversion for each temperature sensor.

4.10.5 Genset

In this section, the genset settings can be updated. All gensets connected to the eSite Modular system are visible here, labelled Genset 1 and Genset 2. Click the respective genset name to configure.

This section is also used to update the Night Silence and UPS mode settings.

AMF Panel Communication

A set of signals can be configured to be read from the genset panel if they are supported from the genset panel. The following settings must be done for each signal according to the genset panel Modbus communication specification. See the Appendix for an installation guide.

4.10.6 Grid

4.10.7 Solar

4.10.8 Cabinet Cooling

Cabinet Cooling can be configured in two different modes, see table below. The digital output relay need to be configured to 'Cabinet Cooling', see I/O Configuration

4.10.9 Fuel Monitoring

In this section, the Fuel monitoring settings can be managed. Up to two (2) fuel tanks with dedicated fuel sensors can be installed. The eSite RMC supports different types of fuel sensors. Click on the respective tanks (Tank 1 and Tank 2) to configure their tank and sensor properties. A fuel sensor with an analogue signal output can be connected to an Analogue Input on the I/O screw terminals. The measuring range of the Analogue Input is 0 – 10 V. Note that the eSite RMC can also read fuel data from the genset panel if a fuel sensor is integrated with the genset. See section Genset Management.